Privacy and Security for Smart Metering System with Fault Controlling Technique

Smart Metering (SM) is an important and essential element of the upcoming energy network. The importance of smart metering is that it interconnects smart grid elements and functions among a two way communication network. The target is to support an economically efficient sustainable power system with high quality and security. To achieve this objective, advanced smart metering functions might include automated meter readings, distributed energy storage, distributed energy resource management, as well as further energy efficiency mechanisms such as real time optimizations for load shifting and scheduling. In existing system the information transmission security, privacy, meter reading observation between network and client then data transmission monitoring system which can be controlled through Wireless Area Network (WAN). However the information transmission observation system has not economical for fault dominant technique. In proposed system, whole system will be monitored, controlled, data have been secured and also effective load scheduling can be provided for this system too. EB line faults such as short circuit, over voltage and under voltage are monitored and controlled through WAN. It improves the protection and privacy of information transmission between network and client. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15037

The RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES SUBJECTED TO SALINITY STRESS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH PHASES: RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES SUBJECTED TO SALINITY STRESS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH PHASES: Abstract, Introduction,materials & Methods, Resultls & Discussion, Conclusion.

 A few commercial sugarcane genotypes were subjected to salinity stress at various growth phases of sugarcane to ascertain the critical growth stage for salinity stress and to assess the response of the genotypes. All the data were recorded and analysed during maturity phase. The salt treatments drastically reduced SPAD chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, RWC, stalk height, weight and other yield parameters in a few genotypes during T2 (salt treatment given during formative phase) & T5 (salt treatment given throughout crop cycle) but a few genotypes which are tolerant towards salt stress gave better results comparing other genotypes. The ions like sodium, potassium and chloride were analysed in the juice which showed higher elevation in the genotype Co 97010. Among the genotypes, Co 85019 and Co 99004 recorded significantly prime compared to rest of the genotypes. Treatment throughout the growth phases (T5) followed by stress at formative phase (T2) were found to be critical for growth, physiological and yield responses in all the genotypes

REVIEW ON ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES OF NUTRACEUTICAL PLANT: CAPPARIS SPINOSA L. (CAPER)

Objective: Capparis spinosa L. (Caper) is a perennial spiny bush that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and big white to pinkish-white flowers. It is nativeto the Mediterranean region and growing wild on walls or in rocky coastal areas throughout India. Even though it has been used in traditional Indiansystem of medicines for various human diseases, the summation of its medicinal properties is lacking. Hence, the present review focused to providecollective information regarding the medicinal value of C. spinosa.Methods: Literatures were collected from online resources like Scopus, Sciencedirect etc., related to the pharmacological activities of Capparis spinosaand the available information were summarized and given in the review.Results: C. spinosa has anthelminthic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cardiovascular,chondroprotective, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antiallergic and antihistaminic, immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic, and antihepatotoxic activity.The phytochemicals identified in this plant were lipids, alkaloids, glucocapperin, and polyphenols.Conclusion: This review attempts to encompass the available literature on C. spinosa with respect to its pharmacognostic characters, chemicalconstituents, nutritional characters, various pharmacological activities, traditional uses, and modern use.Keywords: Capparis spinosa L., Caper, Medicinal properties, Nutritional value, Phytochemicals

Multipath Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (MBEEACO) to Improve the Life Time of MANET

MANET selects a path with least number of intermediate nodes to reach the destination node. As the distance between each node increases, the quantity of transmission control increases. The power level of nodes affects the simplicity with which a route is constituted between a couple of nodes. This research paper utilizes the swarm intelligence technique through the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to optimize the energy consumption in a dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol in MANET. The ABC algorithm is used to identify the optimal path from the source to the destination to overcome energy problems. The performance of the proposed MBEEACO algorithm is compared with DSR and bee-inspired protocols. The comparison was conducted based on average energy consumption, average throughput, average end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and packet delivery ratio performance metrics, varying the node speed and packet size. The proposed MBEEACO algorithm is superior in performance than other protocols in terms of energy conservation and delay degradation relating to node speed and packet size

The spectrum of cardiac disorders in infants of diabetic mothers: A study in patients admitted in Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital

The objective of the study is to identify neonates born to gestational diabetes mellitus, type - 1 and type - 2 mellitus and to detect the spectrum of congenital heart diseases manifested by them. Type of Study: Prospective observational study Study Period: Between January 2014 to June 2014 a prospective study of 50 consecutive infants of diabetic mothers admitted at Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital was under taken. Study Population All infants of diabetic mothers admitted in neonatal intensive care unit in Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital were included in the study. Sample Size: 50 consecutive infants of diabetic mothers admitted in neonatal intensive care unit in Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital. Inclusion Criteria All live born infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus, type 1 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, type 2 non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Exclusion Criteria: Infants of diabetic mothers with severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Mothers with TORCH infections. Mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus. Mothers on teratogenic cardiotoxic drugs. Babies with other syndromic anomalies. Method of Study: Infants of diabetic mellitus will be evaluated in the first 10 days of life by detailed clinical examination with special reference to cardiovascular system. Chest X-ray Electrocardiogram Echocardiography All the above mentioned investigations will be done after obtaining informed consent from the mothers. Observation Among the 50 cases studied 27 were male and 23 were female. Among the 50 diabetic mothers 90% of mothers were booked and treated, 10% of mothers were unbooked and not treated. Among the mothers included in this study 84% had GDM and 16% had pregestational DM. Among the diabetic mothers 60% were given insulin and 30% were on meal plan. Among the treated mothers 60% were compliant and 30% were non- compliant. Results: Among the 50 infants studied 30% had congenital heart diseases of which acyanotic congenital heart diseases accounted for 26% and cyanotic congenital heart diseases accounted for 4%. Among the IDM babies 12% had clinical manifestations, radiological findings and 10% had electrocardiographic findings. 30% of IDM babies had echocardiographic findings. The congenital heart diseases observed in this study include Heart Disease Frequency Percentage HOCM 5 10% PFO 2 4% ASD 2 4% VSD 2 4% PDA 2 4% TOF 1 2% TGV 1 2% Negative 35 70% Inference Untreated mothers had more number of infants with congenital heart diseases than treated mothers. Cases which were not detected by clinical examination, radiological investigation, and electrocardiography were detected by echocardiography. Clinical manifestations were positive in 56.4% of the cases with congenital heart disease. Radiological investigations were positive in 56.4% of the cases with congenital heart disease. Electrocardiographic findings were positive in 50.9% of the cases with congenital heart disease. Echocardiography was positive in 100% of the cases with congenital heart disease. Echocardiography remains the gold standard investigation for the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases in infants of diabetic mother. Hence all infants of diabetic mother must undergo echocardiographic investigation before their discharge for earlier diagnosis and appropriate management of congenital heart diseases. Infants of diabetic mother must undergo echocardiography as a routine as early as possible. Earlier recognition, precise assessment of the cardiac status and appropriate management of cardiac complications might reduce both the morbidity and mortality among babies born to diabetic mothers

Effectiveness of Information Education Communication Package on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Breast Self Examination among Women

Breast self examination is a screening method used in an attempt to detect early breast cancer. The method involves the women herself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions or swelling. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of information education communication package on knowledge and attitude regarding breast self examination among women working in Export Company at Chennai. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of information education communication package among women working in Export Company at Chennai. The hypothesis of this study was there is significant association between information education communication package with the level of knowledge and attitude regarding breast self examination among women working in Export Company at Chennai. Extensive review of literature facilitated the investigator to collect the relevant information of facts to support the study. The conceptual framework used for this study was based on Rosen stock’s and beckers health belief model (1974). The research design used for this study was pre experimental one group pre test post test design with 30 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Random sampling technique was used to select the samples. Each day the investigator collected data from 5 women working in Export Company to assess the level of knowledge and attitude on breast self examination. A structured questionnaire was distributed to the women working in Export Company to assess the pre test level of knowledge on breast self examination and the attitude scale was used to assess the level of attitude on breast self examination. Then followed by the information education communication package on breast self examination was explained. A post test was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude with the same tool provided in the pre test. Analysis revealed that the paired ‘t’ test value of knowledge 10.14 was highly significant at the level of p<0.001. Thus it indicates the effectiveness of information education communication package on level of knowledge regarding breast self examination among women working in Export Company. Analysis revealed that the paired t test value of attitude was 11.14 highly significant at the level of p<0.001. Thus it indicates the effectiveness of information education communication package on level of attitude regarding breast self examination among women working in Export Company

Breastfeeding Practices of Mother’s of Children Less than 2 Years and its Relation to Socioeconomic Status and Nutritional Status of Mother

INTRODUCTION: Breastmilk is a “LIVE” fluid. It contains all the nutritional requirements and anti-infective properties. No other sophisticated formulae can replace breastmilk. Every medical personnel advice breastmilk as the only way of feeding an infant. Human milk satisfies all the nutritional demands of an infant for the first 6 months of life. It is easily digestible and promotes skin to skin contact which strengthens emotional bond between mother and baby. Colustrum in long term prevents atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, allergy and facilitates immunity. In India with low income and poor education the need for breastfeeding becomes even more important and in fact it is the only way of giving a child a good chance of survival. WHO along with UNICEF recommends exclusive breastfeeding upto 6 months of age and continued breastfeeding with complementary feeds until 2 years of age (WHO Geneva 2001). Hence the Government of India incorporated The Infant and Young Child feeding guidelines in IMNCI. The Government of India has also included goals to decrease Infant mortality rate and Malnutrition. Its aim is to increase rate of initiation of breastfeeding with in 1 hr from existing 15.8 % to 50 % and also to increase exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months from the existing level of around 41% to 80% as stated by Apurba Sinhababu and Dipta et al in their study. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To study the various demographic factors affecting breastfeeding practices of mother‟s of children less than 2 years. 2. To correlate the breastfeeding practices of mother‟s in relation to their socioeconomic status and nutritional status. 3. To find out the nutritional status outcome of children who were exclusively breastfed and nutritional status of children who were not exclusively breastfed. DISCUSSION: From this study it was found that, there is a marked correlation with level of education with period of exclusive breastfeeding. But however education did not have any significance with administration of colustrum and initiation of breastfeeding in contrast to a study done by Devang Raval at Gujarat. In this study women with education upto the level of higher secondary school had higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding but however increased level of education beyond college level was found to have negative correlation with period of exclusive breastfeeding. A similar finding of inverse relation with education and duration of exclusive breastfeeding was found by Rama ram et al and Kar et al in their study at rural Darjeeling. Similar result was also obtained by Sailaja S Patel in her study at Karnataka. In this study when occupation was considered it did not have any significant relation with period of exclusive breastfeeding, but however in a study conducted at California relating SES which is an indirect marker of occupation and income, with initiation of breastfeeding, maternal income was found to affect breastfeeding in opposite direction since maternal income is associated with employment which may detract from breastfeeding. Maternal employment has been shown to decrease breastfeeding in another study done by Fein and Roe since employment may be an obstacle because of time away from the baby. But in this study maternal employment did not have any relation with duration of breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: This study was done to correlate the breastfeeding practices of mothers with nutritional status of the mother and the socioeconomic status of the family and the various demographic factors which influence breastfeeding practices ultimately to the nutritional outcome of the baby. This study population comprised mothers in the age group 19 yrs to 31 yrs out of which 52.1% were in the age group 24 to 26 yrs followed by young mothers in the age group 19 to 23 yrs who comprised 33.5% and 14.39% of mothers who were more than 27 yrs. Among these mothers 4% were illiterate, 10% have completed their primary schooling, 42.4% have completed high school, 21.4% Hr. sec. schooling and 22.2% have completed college level of education. Out of them only 7.95% were working mothers and the remaining 92.04% were home makers. Most of them nearly 97.72% wanted pregnancy and it was only in a small proportion of subjects the pregnancy was accidental conception. Almost 99.8% of them had more than 3 antenatal visits. In this study 86.36% had normal BMI, 6.06% were overweight, remaining 4.54% were underweight and 3.03% were obese. Most of the mothers 88.63% did not have evidence of vitamin deficiency. In this study 53.59% of the mothers were primi mothers and the remaining were multiparous mother. The breastfeeding rate obtained in this study was 35.79% at < 6 months and 57.76% beyond 6 months of life. The percentage of mothers who ever breastfed at all is 6.43%. The percentage of mothers who initiated breastfeeding in < 1 hr was 58.52% in this study. When this is compared with the Nation‟s rate of initiation of breastfeeding in less than 1 hr which is 23.4% which is far below the rate obtained in our study, but however the rate of breastfeeding beyond 6 months at Nation‟s level is 56.7% which is almost close as to the result obtained in this study. When this comparison was extended to the South East Asian countries to be more specific it is 24-26% in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan and 75% among Srilankans. This is best reflected in the Neonatal mortality rates as 40-50% in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan and only 11% among Srilankans. The National Family Health Survey -3 published in 2006, said only 23.4% of mothers initiate feeding in < 1 hr, 46.4% practice exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months and 56.7% breastfeed beyond 6 months along with other complementary foods.The conclusion is that the rate of initiation of breastfeeding is higher than the nation‟s value and exclusive breastfeeding rate is almost equal to Nation‟s value which is appreciable. Socioeconomic status has been considered as one of the most important factors affecting nutritional outcome of babies. In families of low SES there is increased incidence of maternal malnutrition, anaemia and inadequate antenatal care resulting in poor nutritional status of the baby. In a study conducted at Karachi the status of mothers nutrition and SES variables was found to have influence over the reproductive performance and outcome and the condition of the infant at birth. In this study population % were in lower middle class status followed by 24.24% in upper lower class family, 21.21% in upper middle class and 14.39% in lower class and lastly 5.30% in upper class family. Reasons for association between SES and breastfeeding is complex. Differing aspects of SES may be associated with knowledge, attitudes experiences and beliefs leading a mother to a particular infant feeding choice. Educated mothers would search out information on the health aspects of infant feeding choices. Along with SES maternal health is one other important factor affecting nutritional status of the babies. Poor nutritional status of the infants reflects the social development of a population. This study showed that maternal nutritional status and socioeconomic status remained positively associated with breastfeeding suggesting social policies affecting maternal nutrition and interventions to overall improve the better living of people which would have long lasting effect in nutritional outcome of babies. The improvement in exclusive breastfeeding rate can be achieved by promoting breastfeeding as early as < 1 hr of birth which can reduce Infant Mortality Rate to 22%. A January 2008 series on Infant Mortality & Malnutrition published in Lancet Medical Journal stated that 77% of child death attributable to sub-optimal breastfeeding are due to nonexclusive breastfeeding during 0-6 months of life

An Innovative Routing Technique to Optimize Time and Speed

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a novel algorithm, MAXSMINT (Maximizing Speed and Minimizing Time) for determining the shortest route in a railway network. In today's busy world, no one takes the effort to determine the shortest route to the destination but expect to reach their destinations in the shortest possible time. Thus, this system involves providing the shortest time taking path to their destination automatically. Optimization is achieved by splitting the entire process into two. First finding the shortest paths to the end station and then calculating and zero down to the final shortest time taking path. This approach is more generalized and is proved to offer higher efficiency and shorter process time then the conventional methodologies

Efficacy of Platelet Rich Fibrin assisted With and Without laser Application in the treatment of Periodontal intrabony defects: A Clinico Radiographic study

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES : The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of platelet rich fibrin assisted with and without laser application in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Ten healthy patients in age range of 20-60 years, showing bilateral identical intrabony defects were selected. The defects were assigned randomly into Experimental site A (open flap debridement and PRF placement) and Experimental site B (laser disinfection with PRF placement). Clinical parameters such as the plaque index and gingival index were recorded at baseline and at 1 month,3rd month and 6th month post operatively and probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded at baseline and then 6th month post operatively. The radiographic parameter was recorded at baseline and 6th month post operatively, using standardized intra-oral periapical radiographs taken with long cone paralleling technique and were then assessed using image analysis software. RESULTS : Re-evaluation at 6 months revealed that both the groups showed a significant reduction in probing pocket depth (4.1 ± 0.9mm in experimental site A and 4.7 ± 1.6mm in experimental site B ) and clinical attachment gain (3.7 ± 1.4mm in experimental site A and 4.3 ± 1.8mm in experimental site B). All the clinical parameters were improved slightly better in experimental site B. There was no significant difference between experimental site A and B in bone fill at 6 months post operatively. CONCLUSION : Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that, clinically the use of PRF and laser is more effective than PRF alone. But there was no significant difference in bone fill radiographically between two groups